Breast Problems

Breast Pain (Mastalgia)

This is a very common problem effecting two thirds of women in Britain.

There are two types of pain:
Cyclical - Relating to your monthly period. Breasts may feel heavy, swollen and tender for a few days before each period.
Persistent / intermittent (non-cyclical) - Often described as a burning or 'drawing in' sensation.
It is important to contact your doctor if you suffer from any kind of breast pain.

Self Help (particularly for cyclical pain)
-Make sure your bra fits properly and is supportive.
-Cut down on caffeine (tea, coffee, chocolate).
-Reduce fat intake.
-If you are overweight this will increase the pain.
-Vitamin B6 and Evening Primrose oil are effective for some women.

Lumpy Breasts

Fibroadenoma
A single lump of fibrous breast tissue usually found in women under 35. Can be quite large and firm but mobile. Although benign, it may have to be removed surgically if it causes discomfort.

Cysts
Common in women approaching the menopause. Fluid filled sacs which may feel soft or firm and can sometimes be painful. A consultant will drain the fluid, which will be analysed for a firm diagnosis. Cysts return in about one third of women in the next few years, but can be dealt with as before.

Nipple Problems

Dilated milk ducts - may cause thick nipple discharge, irritation and retraction of the nipple.
Discharge - can be yellow, milky or blood stained. There are a variety of causes for this problem, usually non cancerous.

Breast Cancer

Breast cancer is uncommon in women under 30, but can still occur. It is rare in men, less than 200 cases in Britain every year. It is vital to detect any signs of cancer early so checking your breasts regularly is very important. Most abnormal breast conditions are benign (harmless) and can easily be treated. Nine out of ten lumps are found to harmless.

As you get older the risk of breast cancer increases so every 3 years women over 50 should have a mammography (x-ray of the breasts) which can pick up very small growths which can be treated as quickly as possible. Routine breast screening is not available for women under 50 as it has not been shown to have any benefit. If you have any queries concerning breast examinations or problems then consult your doctor.

Self Examination
It is sensible to check your own breasts so if there are any changes you will notice them as soon as they occur. From time to time (no more than once a month) you should check your breasts in the mirror. Lift your arms slowly and turn from side to side. Feel your breasts all over with soapy hands in the bath or shower.

Changes to watch out for:
Appearance - if one breast seems to have changed size or shape or the outline of the breast has changed.
Nipples - if a nipple changes position or shape from normal. If there is discharge or a rash or swelling of the nipple.
Skin - if a dimple or pucker appears in the skin, the skin seems thicker or lumpy.
Lumps and swellings - in the breast or the armpit.
Pain - any sudden pain or discomfort that is different from the usual pre-menstrual tenderness.

Remember that many changes in your breasts are part of your monthly cycle. A few days before a period starts the milk producing tissue in the breasts becomes active. In some women this can cause tenderness and make the breasts feel lumpy, especially near the armpits. After the menopause breasts feel soft, less firm and not lumpy.